马耳他瓦莱塔地中海会议中心
2026年11月11日-13日
09:00 – 13:00
仅限高级通行证和白金通行证持有人参加,需提前 RSVP
11:00 – 13:00
MDIA DiHubMT × 数字创新中心参观之旅为您提供一次独家幕后体验,深入了解马耳他快速发展的创新生态系统。本次活动由马耳他数字创新管理局(MDIA)与数字创新中心(DiHubMT)联合主办,参观过程中将展示马耳他如何在各行业推动数字化转型、人工智能应用以及智能医疗解决方案的发展。
本次参观面向医疗科技(MedTech)、健康科技(HealthTech)及数字健康领域的首席执行官与创始人开放,旨在探索潜在的研发合作机会、监管支持框架以及在马耳他数字化与医疗科技生态中的合作可能性
所有参与者必须持有有效的大会通行证。参观申请将由 MedTech World 团队审核,录取将依据参观目标的相关性与匹配度决定。
Apply Here: Form
14:30 – 18:00
仅限申请参加. 活动地点:Excelsior 酒店
首席执行官专属论坛严格限于现任活跃医疗器械初创企业的首席执行官参加。所有参与者必须持有有效大会通行证。每份申请将由 MedTech World 团队审核,并根据上述条件决定是否批准参与。
14:30 – 18:00
仅限申请参加 举办地点:Excelsior Hotel
投资人专属论坛严格面向医疗科技生态系统中的在职投资人开放。符合资格的参与者包括风险投资公司、天使投资人、家族办公室、企业创投部门以及医院投资代表。所有参与者必须持有效会议通行证方可参加。每份申请将由 MedTech World 团队审核,并根据资格与匹配度决定是否批准。
18:00 – 21:00
09:00 – 18:00
会议提供丰富的互动环节,并为与会者创造宝贵机会,与业内同行建立联系。
Alice McGee
高级医疗顾问
Flo Health
Homer Quintana
医疗器械快速转化中心主任
Houston Methodist
Edward Ruppel III
投资者
Nexus Neurotech
Allison Post
首席执行官
Rhythio Medical Technologies, Inc
Weronika Michaluk
医疗科技业务负责人
HTD Health
Maria Nyåkern
管理合伙人
Nyakern Nexus Investments
Alex Diaconu
联合创始人兼首席执行官
AiGIA Health
Alex Condon
首席运营官
Matrix One
Andreas Forsland
首席执行官
Cognixion
Kwame Ulmer
管理合伙人
MedTech Impact Partners
Kari Cao
CEO | Founder
RenewRX
Galit Zuckerman Stark
创始人兼首席执行官
Medasense Biometrics
Ray Rao
首席执行官
Ankr Health
Sanjay Shrivastava, Ph.D.
创始人兼首席执行官
Innova Vascular, Inc.
Lucrezia Cester
CEO
LightHearted AI Health
A practical session on building effective launch strategies, differentiating in competitive markets, and driving adoption with the right partners and messaging.
Alberto Chan
顾问
Sherrill Morgan
Anish Shindore
Founder & Managing Partner
GSD Health
Dr. med. Univ. Amel Havkic
创始人兼首席执行官
EvoMed Consulting
Christophe Van der Linden
NAMSA 市场咨询服务高级顾问|私人投资人及董事会成员
NAMSA & World Machine Consulting
Julie Rachline
总裁
LallianSe
Catherine Boule
管理合伙人
Karista
Laurent Arthaud
生命科学与绿色科技董事总经理
BpiFrance
Julien Hedou
首席执行官兼联合创始人
SurgeCare
Laure Caucanas
首席执行官兼联合创始人
SURGITEC ROBOTICS
Celia HART
普通合伙人兼联合创始人
Supernova Invest
Sophie Pierrin Lepinard
Investment Director
BNP Paribas Développement
Karandeep Singh Badwal
董事
QRA Medical
Lee A. Fleisher
首席执行官兼创始人
Rubrum Advising
Limor Sandach
医疗科技高管、企业家|风险投资顾问、董事会成员
Chad Bonhomme
首席执行官
Grand Heart
Gilad Peleg
创始合伙人
Neuro1 Capital
Claudia Holy
创始人兼首席执行官
Podymos Ltd
Varun Turlapati
管理合伙人
Chaanakya Capital
Marja Huiskamp
总经理
Madrid Health Hub
Zsolt Bubori
生态系统负责人
EIT Health
Povilas Sabaliauskas
联合创始人兼首席执行官
Pulsetto
Frank Van Trimpont
欧洲灾难医学理事会主席
European Council of Disaster Medicine, European Chapter of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine
A forward-looking discussion on technologies extending human lifespan, from regenerative medicine to AI-driven health insights, and their impact on aging and society.
Lucas Perez
医疗与战略总监
Life Plus
Philippe Gerwill
创始人兼常务董事
PGEA Limited
Soyoung Park
执行合伙人
1004 Ventures Partners
Mihir Patel, MD
合伙人
LEAD
Victor Björk
Founder
Victor Björk Geroconsulting
Julia Zarb
创始人兼负责人
Blue x Blue Inc.
Ing. Karl Farrugia
首席执行官
Primary Healthcare, Ministry of Health & Active Ageing, Malta
Stuart Hart
首席执行官
UrologyHealth.com
Baroness clare Gerada DBE
高级合伙人
Hurley Group. Hama
Michael Bell
主席
NHS South West London and Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust
PS Joseph Chetcuti
Permanent Secretary
Ministry for Health and Active Ageing
Prof. Lilian Azzopardi
Head of Department of Pharmacy & Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
University of Malta
Anthony Serracino-Inglott
CEO, Malta Medicines Authority and Professor at Univerisity of Malta
Malta Medicines Authority and Univerisity of Malta
Engin Çamer, MD
Clinical Unit Manager
Malta Conformity Assessment
S. Oguz Savas
公告机构负责人
Malta Conformity Assessment Inc
Luca Galea
Junior Medical Devices Inspector
Malta Medicines Authority, University of Malta
Shirley Tanti
Junior Assessor (Medical Devices)
Malta Medicines Authority, University of Malta
Dr. Jan Hagens
Former CFO
National Institute for Public Health & Environment, Agency of Medical Evaluation Board
Dr. Jan Hagens
Former CFO
National Institute for Public Health & Environment, Agency of Medical Evaluation Board
Valentina Sammut
Head, Entrepreneurship and Scientific Dialogue Medical Devices
Malta Medicines Authority University of Malta, Faculty of Medicines and Surgery, Department of Pharmacy
Maria Scicluna
Senior Pharmaceutical Officer
Malta Medicines Authority
Professor May Saab
Assistant Dean, Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Professor May Saab
Assistant Dean, Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Mr. Elton Gatt
Director, Site Quality / Qualified Person; PhD Candidate
University of Malta
Karolina Szyrner
Research Support Officer II
Department of Pharmacy, University of Malta
Prof. Lilian Azzopardi
Head of Department of Pharmacy & Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
University of Malta
Anthony Serracino-Inglott
CEO, Malta Medicines Authority and Professor at Univerisity of Malta
Malta Medicines Authority and Univerisity of Malta
09:00 – 18:00
我们的大会设有精彩纷呈的主题环节,同时提供宝贵机会,让您与行业内的同行建立联系与交流。
Dr. Dylan Attard
首席执行官兼创始人
MedTech World
Hon. Dr. Jo-Etienne Abela
卫生与老龄健康部长
Government of Malta
A practical conversation on building and scaling MedTech startups with constrained resources, focusing on smart fundraising, strategic partnerships, and lean innovation.
Ken Nelson
合伙人
MedTech Advantage Fund
Shaherah Yancy
创始人兼首席执行官
Research Lifecycle Solutions
Dr. Hubert Zajicek
首席执行官兼联合创始人
Health Wildcatters
Iain McCulley
全球医疗科技负责人
Morgan Latif
Umaima Ahmad
首席执行官兼联合创始人
52North
This panel will explore the latest compliance developments shaping MedTech in the EU and US, including MDR implementation, FDA updates, and cross-border regulatory challenges. Experts will share practical insights to help innovators streamline approvals, avoid pitfalls, and bring products to market more efficiently.
Amra Racic
全球政府事务战略副总裁
Veeva Systems
Edwin Lindsay
董事总经理
CS Lifescience
Christian Espinosa
首席执行官
Blue Goat Cyber
S. Oguz Savas
公告机构负责人
Malta Conformity Assessment Inc
Ainoa Forteza
医疗科技法规事务副总裁
Alira Health
Silvio Schembri阁下
马耳他经济、企业和战略项目部长
Robert Abela阁下
马耳他总理
Anna Badurska
CEO & Founder
42 Global Ventures
Greg Madden
执行合伙人
SV Health Investors
Chris Japp
合伙人
Tramway Ventures
Shai Policker
管理合伙人
Edge Medical Ventures
Fred Ginnebaugh
Executive in Residence
KCK Medtech
Roseanne Camilleri
首席执行官
National Mental Health Services
A deep dive into how Australia’s MedTech ecosystem streamlines clinical trials, offering lessons on regulatory efficiency, patient access, and global collaboration.
Joseph Panetta
首席营销官
Ascend CRO
Vanessa Gallois
临床事务高级总监
HighLife SAS
Pedro Eerdmans
临床策略师
Youssef Biadillah
CEO
BariaTek Medical
A candid look at VC/PE vs. family offices, venture debt, revenue-based financing, and strategics—what fits each stage from pre-clinical to commercialization.
Dr. Narges Sheikhansari
执行顾问兼公共卫生专家
Chris Church
董事
BlackRock
Gary Gershony
创始执行合伙人
BayMed Venture Partners
Luc Starmans
合伙人
Brightlands Venture Partners
David Kereiakes
管理合伙人
Windham Capital Partners
Prof Gordon Wishart
首席医疗官
Check4Cancer
Presenting Slot
John Ashley
首席执行官
Auctus Ortho
Presenting Slot
Richard Simmonds
首席执行官
Orthoson
Exploring how digital ORs and robotics are transforming surgery and dentistry alike, with imaging integration, intelligent minimally invasive procedures, and enhanced precision leading to better patient outcomes.
Stan Kalinin
主编
Good MedTech News / MedTech Lead
Olga Krivchenko
首席执行官兼联合创始人
Qualium Systems
Paul Roberts
首席执行官
Lupin Dental SAS
Kashif ikram
手术机器人副总裁兼 OurMedTechLives 播客主持人
MicroPort
Peter Gorham
BHS Technologies首席商务官
BHS Technologies
George Gregory
首席执行官
Malta Enterprise
Dr. Ryan Grech
Consultant Cardiothoracic Radiologist
NHS Forth Valley Royal Hospital and NHS Golden Jubilee National Hospital
Dr Eva-Maria Hempe
欧洲、中东及非洲地区医疗健康与生命科学负责人
NVIDIA
Kevin Saem
执行董事
Zapyrus
Esther Reynal de St Michel Richardot
创始合伙人
Thena Capital
Sean J. Cheng
执行董事
Ascension Ventures
Marjan Nikolovski
首席执行官
Emit Knowledge
Karim Tourbah
首席产品与创新官
Lupin Dental
Vlastimil Hrabal
首席执行官
Kardi AI
A discussion on the latest mergers and acquisitions shaping MedTech, examining buyer motivations, market consolidation, and the impact on innovation and competition.
Ivanny Franklin
管理合伙人
MedSight Capital
Yves Prevoo
创始人兼首席执行官
easee
Hirak Parikh
风险投资投资总监
J&J
Thomas F. Busby
合伙人
Mirus Capital Advisors
Barak Singer
Executive VP, Head of Healthcare
The Trendlines Group
A session exploring the growing MedTech ecosystem in the Gulf, highlighting regulatory pathways, investment opportunities, and strategies for successful market entry.
Rachel McArthur
医疗健康编辑总监
Digital Ink Media
Marwan Abdulaziz Janahi
高级副总裁——迪拜科学园、迪拜知识园区及迪拜国际学术城
TECOM Group
Dirk Richter
主席
Saydalah Healthcare Angel Investor Network
Investor Lounge Happy Hour — sponsored by Prolucid Technologies; exclusive to Platinum pass holders and MTI Alumni.
18:00 – 19:00
由 Dedalus 赞助。
在晚间专属活动前,欢迎所有票种持有者参加格兰德艾克塞尔西奥酒店的官方迎宾酒会。酒店坐落于马耳他历史港口旁,环境优雅。此次酒会汇聚 MedTech 行业全体成员,为与会者提供高效的交流平台,便于拓展人脉、重建合作联系,并为峰会的商务洽谈和思想碰撞奠定良好开端。
19:30 – 21:00
持有 Premium 或 Platinum 票的嘉宾可尊享两场高度私密的晚间贵宾社交活动,活动地点均选在马耳他最具历史与魅力的遗产场所。此次精英聚会仅限演讲嘉宾、投资人、合作伙伴及高级管理人员参加,为与会者提供优雅环境,便于在峰会前建立高价值的人脉联系。邀请函将直接发送至您的邮箱,请留意邮件并及时 RSVP 以确保席位。
若您持有 Standard 票,可通过升级票种充分享受更多专属活动及社交机会。
08:00 – 18:00
Marwan Abdulaziz Janahi
高级副总裁——迪拜科学园、迪拜知识园区及迪拜国际学术城
TECOM Group
Tjasa Zajc
创始人/节目主持人
Faces of Digital Health
Prof. Constantin Coussios
CTO and Founder,
Organox
Dr Alex Agius Saliba
Vice President
S&D Group
Khizra Ahmad
战略与领导力总监
APPSUK Foundation
Katrina Laks
首席执行官
Migrevention
Diana Saraceni
总经理
PANAKES PARTNERS
Melissa Espinosa
战略合作副总裁
Blue Goat Cyber, Inc.
Claudia Preziosi
业务发展与运营负责人
Founder of Preziosi Consultancy HepaTx
Manish Chand
机器人外科医生兼技术研究员
University college London
Tanya Ridding
医疗科技高管猎头副总裁
Invenia Group
Steve Bell
医疗科技初创企业与医疗机器人领域专家
Independent Advisor
Graeme Smith
执行董事长兼首席执行官
Ostomy Secure
James Y Grosvenor
首席战略官
Anaut
Hon. Dr. Alex Borg
反对党领袖(Nationalist Party)
Prof. Shafi Ahmed
首席执行官
MedicalXR
Yoav Fisher
初创与创新负责人
Tel Aviv Medical Center: I-Next Innovation Hub
Kenneth Shaw
董事
Specculo Limited
Dr. Geeta Nayyar
首席医疗官
RadiantGraph
Dr Zied Tayeb
联合创始人兼首席执行官
Myelin-H
Dr. Miguel Fenech
Business Development Manager
MedTech World
Michael ByungSun Hwang
首席执行官 & 博士
Bigbang Angels, Inc.
Stuart Skelton MORAN
Vice President of Clinical Marketing
Cornerstone Robotics Limited
Christina Niedermeyer
Senior Partner Success Manager
Plug & Play Tech Centre
William Hsu
Principal
WH Consulting Inc
Hon. Keith Azzopardi Tanti
青年 研究与创新事务议会秘书
Government of Malta
Laurent Pacheco
管理合伙人
International Family Office Alliance for Health
Omid Akhavan
常务董事
Anthro Ventures
Ivanny Franklin
管理合伙人
MedSight Capital
Dr. Ali Tinazli
首席执行官
Lifespin GmbH
Maria Nyåkern
管理合伙人
Nyakern Nexus Investments
Hon. Dr. Malcolm Paul Agius Galea
议会秘书
Ministry of Health, Malta
Holger Friedrich, MD, PhD
首席执行官
AQUAHeart
Denis Galka
创始人兼首席执行官
Sequoia Health
John Brumfield
CEO
Berlin Heals
Liana Volach
政府与战略副总裁
8400 The Health Network
Zach Eisen
高级合伙人
Cleveland Clinic Ventures
Liridon Rrushaj
风险投资总监
OSF Ventures
John Perez
董事总经理
Rex Heath Ventures
Anthony Zlaket
风险投资基金经理
Tampa General Hospital Ventures
Live pitches from emerging MedTech founders will be judged solely by active medical device investors.
Hamzeh Abdul-Hadi
投资人
Angelini Ventures
Stefan Madansingh
Technology Development Manager
Mayo Clinic, Department of Business Development
Branden Rosenhan
Founding Partner
MedMountain Ventures
Stephen Borg Balzan
FDI Specialist
Malta Enterprise
Soyoung Park
执行合伙人
1004 Ventures Partners
Esther Reynal de St Michel Richardot
创始合伙人
Thena Capital
Eli Velasquez
Managing Director
Science Center Health Fund
Miguel Borg
CEO
Malta Venture Capital
Joey Mason
Venture Partner
Claret Capital Partners
Ken Nelson
合伙人
MedTech Advantage Fund
Live pitches from emerging MedTech founders, judged solely by active medical device investors.
Richard Chambers
Founder & CEO
ChamberTech
Raman Tsimafeyeu
CEO
VR NeuroLink AI
Vikas Agarwal
CEO
Weave Bio Therapeutics
Jack Ferrier
SVP, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Technology Officer
Sylke
Thorsten Waloschek
首席执行官
NeoPredics
Eddie McDaid
Co-Founder and CEO
Galenband
Alex Plesoianu
Founder
Twinheart
Keita Shimomura
Co-Fouder, CEO
F.MED
Max Brinkmann
CEO & Co-Founder
Refined Diagnostics
08:00 – 18:00
Dr. Jean-Marie Mifsud
CITO
MDIA
An honest conversation between investors and founders on the realities of fundraising, from common challenges to strategies for securing the right capital.
Mathieu Charleux
总裁
MD101
Todor Jeliaskov
总裁兼首席执行官
inHEART
Jeyla Sadikova
联合创始人兼首席战略官
illumicell
F. Javier Perez, CFA
董事
BlackPoint Capital
Sascha Berger
Investor
Saudi Arabia
MedTech Innovator alumni presenting live on stage – Company Showcases by Luminoah, Plio Surgical, Entirety Biomedical, TYBR Health, Kelvin Health. Empowered by Prolucid Technologies and MedTech Innovator.
Lucrezia Cester
CEO
LightHearted AI Health
Neal Piper
Founder and CEO
Luminoah, Inc
Cristina Purtill
首席执行官
Plio Surgical
Jake Edick
首席执行官兼联合创始人
Entirety Biomedical
Tim Keane
Co-founder & CEO
TYBR Health
Georgi Kadrev
Co-founder & CEO
Kelvin Health Inc
Tjasa Zajc
创始人/节目主持人
Faces of Digital Health
Oliver Bisazza
首席执行官
MedTech Europe
Bibi Sattar Marques
合伙人
Buenavista Equity Partners
Aubry Tandjeu
Medtech Business Consultant
BiB Consulting
Dan Purvis
联合创始人兼董事会主席
Velentium Medical
JJ Amell
创始人/首席律师
AMELL LAW
Pedro David Espinoza
董事会成员
Melzi Surgical
Benjamin J. Rieck
CEO
AngioConsult GmbH
Stephanie Bezzina Wettinger
Professor
TargetMI
A discussion on creating successful collaborations between startups, corporates, and hospitals — focusing on alignment, trust, and shared value to accelerate MedTech innovation and adoption.
Nicole Black
项目总监
MedTech Innovator
Sanjay Shrivastava, Ph.D.
创始人兼首席执行官
Innova Vascular, Inc.
Khurram Mir
董事总经理
UCI Health
David Uffer
医疗科技总经理
Trinity Life Sciences
LLoyd Price
合伙人
Nelson Advisors
Marion Zammit
医疗科技与生命科学商业顾问
Dr. Swarna Balasumbramaniam
创始人兼首席执行官
Noleus Technologies
Keith Vassallo
董事 / 合伙人
Associated Equipment
Aaron Axiaq
董事长兼董事
Uniplural Group
Fabien Debono
Partner & Franchise Owner
Alliance Real Estate
Walid QORONFLEH
Founder& Managing Director (Q3CG) and Executive Director (QRI)
Q3 Consulting Group (Q3CG) and Q3 Research Institute (QRI)
Dr Adel Baluch
副总裁|医疗系统合作
Ada Health
Adam W. Hansen, PhD
CEO & Founder
Geneial
Tricia Carrigan Ph.D
Advisor
Modi Ventures
A panel showcasing Malta’s contributions to cancer research and technology, emphasizing global collaboration and cross-sector partnerships driving progress in oncology.
Prof. Christian Scerri
主席
Cancer Research and Innovation Hub
Dr. Darren Larsen, MD, CCFP, MPL
董事会主席
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Jessica Debattista
高级联合健康从业人员(医学实验室科学家)兼博士研究生
University of Malta & Mater Dei Hospital
Ruth Guillamier
生物学高级副研究员 / 委员会成员
University of Malta / Action for Breast Cancer Foundation Malta
Prof. Caroline J. Magri
咨询心脏病专科医师兼研究负责人
Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
A panel examining how public and private healthcare can work together to address the challenges of aging populations, from access and affordability to coordinated care.
Dr. Matthieu Poudevigne
研究普通合伙人
Healthcare Central London
Jorgen Souness
首席执行官
St. Vincent De Paul Residence
Murray Ellender
英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)全科医生兼英国负责人
HUMA
Dr Joanne M. Hackett
欧洲、中东和非洲地区(EMEA)医疗系统服务副总裁
IQVIA
Chiara Scerri Herrera
Head of Data and Digital Innovation
Saint James Hospital
This panel explores how to balance consumer wearables with regulated medical devices to create safe, effective, and scalable “care anywhere” models. Experts will share insights on integration, compliance, and real-world applications. This session will help medtech innovators and clinical teams navigate the sources of health data that patients now have access to and ensure that patients and care teams are able apply the data to the appropriate care pathways.
Sandeep Pulim
投资合伙人
Scrub Capital
Prof. Ilan Yaron
医学教授兼主席
Hebrew University & Hadassah Medical Centre
Sanjay Ranka
计算机科学杰出教授
University of Florida, Gainesville
Shavini Fernando
创始人兼首席执行官
OxiWaer Inc.
Dr Adrian Attard Trevisan
CTO
Digimed Technologies Ltd
Grants can provide vital fuel for MedTech startups without giving up equity — but winning them requires strategy, preparation, and the right partnerships. This session unpacks how to identify the best opportunities, craft compelling applications, and leverage non-dilutive funding to accelerate innovation and de-risk early-stage growth.
Henry Norton
创始人兼首席执行官
Cruxx
Arnold Grabocka
创始人
Grant Nomad
Ingrid Lansard
首席商务官
ABCDx SA
Melanie Debattista
FDI(数字创新)负责人
Malta Enterprise
With the youngest population in the world and rapidly expanding healthcare needs, Africa is emerging as a critical growth frontier for MedTech and HealthTech. From telemedicine to diagnostic innovation, local entrepreneurs are developing scalable solutions that address unique challenges — while global investors and corporates are beginning to take notice. This panel explores how to unlock Africa’s MedTech potential through capital, partnerships, and infrastructure, and what lessons can be learned from the continent’s leapfrogging approach to healthcare delivery.
Professor Wendy Dearing
Director Centre for Social Innovation
University of Wales Trinty Saint David & Hywel Dda University Health Board
Professor Subhamay Ghosh
Associate Medical Director/Consultant Anaesthetist
Hywel Dda University Health Board/University of Wales Trinity St David
Valeria McFarren
President
Chaski Global
Wambui Gachiengo Nyabero
CEO
MEDevice Africa
Dr Khadija Omar
Medical Doctor/Founder
DijaDoc SA
19:30 – 22:30
仅限白金票持有者参加。
MedTech World Awards 旨在表彰推动医疗健康未来发展的杰出创新者与卓越人才。从开创性的初创企业到具有远见的行业领导者,该奖项表彰通过技术与协作改变患者护理、推动行业进步的先锋力量。
颁奖晚宴将在地中海会议中心(Mediterranean Conference Centre, MCC)的雅致 La Valette 厅举行,晚间活动包括盛大晚宴、现场表演,以及年度获奖者揭晓——一个致力于卓越、激励创新并汇聚全球医疗科技社区的夜晚。
22:30 – 02:00
Keep the celebration going at the official MedTech World After Party! Join fellow innovators, investors, and speakers for an unforgettable night at The Hive Club in Paceville — Malta’s premier nightlife destination. Open to all ticket holders, the after party is your chance to unwind, connect, and toast to another incredible year of MedTech breakthroughs.